Brass pipe fittings are used within the plumbing business as a means to connect pipes, either in a straight line or at an angle to each other. They can also be used for certain other functions, such as controlling water pressure and preventing water from exiting a pipe's end. Brass pipe fittings can also be used to regulate the flow of liquid through the pipe system. There are many different types of brass pipe fittings and it is necessary to know which does what if a successful system of pipes is to be constructed.
The two main types of brass pipe fittings are the elbow fitting and the reducer. An elbow fitting allows two pipes to be connected at right angles, ensuring that pipes can discreetly stick to the side of a house, or navigate effectively around a protruding object. Elbow fittings have FIP (Female Iron Pipe) on both ends, meaning that it connects to a MPT (Male Pipe Thread), which is most commonly found on pipes. It is possible to purchase a "street elbow", which has an FIP and an MPT at different ends. Elbows can also occasionally be seen with different angles – generally available are elbows at 45° and 22.5°.
The second common types of brass pipe fittings are reducers. These are designed to connect two pipes of differing sizes, as each end receives a different sized pipe. They can also be used to adapt a system so it is able to operate in a specific hydraulic requirement. There are two primary types of reducer, and they are referred to as concentric and eccentric. Reducers are commonly used when the liquid within the pipes is mixed – for example oil and water.
There are six other common types of brass pipe fittings; the tee is used to split a pipe so that two other pipes can be connected at the same end, and the cross is quite self-explanatory. It has one inlet that attaches to the original pipe, and three outlets that are at right angles to each other. The next types of fittings are the cap and the plug. Both are used to stop the flow of water out of the end of a pipe, but the cap is fitted externally, whereas the plug is placed inside the pipe. The penultimate type is the nipple, which is a short piece of pipe with MPT at each end – it is very useful for connecting two fittings. Finally there is the barb, which connects hose to pipe – these are most commonly seen holding hose-pipes on to outdoor faucets.
As can be seen from this brief list, brass pipe fittings are useful in many aspects when it comes to plumbing and pipe work. Add to this the fact that brass is a fantastic metal to use when manufacturing pipe fittings due to its many attributes, and then it is plain to see why brass pipe fittings are becoming the plumber's choice the world over, taking over from steel and copper.